Calibration of oxygen isotope fractionation and calcite-corundum thermometry in emery at Naxos,Greece     

Rachelle B. Turnier  Yaron Katzir  Kouki Kitajima  Ian J. Orland  Michael J. Spicuzza  John W. Valley 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(1):53-70

Corundum (Crn), including sapphire, occurs in emery pods surrounded by marble on the island of Naxos, Greece. The emery formed from bauxite deposited in karst that was metamorphosed to 400–700°C at 20–15 Ma. Many of these rocks initially appeared well suited for refractory accessory mineral (RAM) thermometry, which uses oxygen isotope fractionation between a RAM – corundum – and a modally dominant phase with faster diffusion of oxygen – calcite (Cc) – to determine peak metamorphic temperatures. However, previous attempts at oxygen isotope thermometry were confounded by highly variable fractionations (Δ¹⁸O) measured at mm-scale and the uncertain calibration of Δ¹⁸O(Cc-Crn) versus temperature. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) permits in situ analysis of δ¹⁸O in corundum and calcite at the 10-μm scale in adjacent grains where textures suggest peak metamorphic equilibrium was attained. SIMS analyses of adjacent mineral pairs in eight rocks yield values of Δ(Cc-Crn) that systematically decrease from 7.2 to 2.9‰ at higher metamorphic grade. Pairing these data with independent temperature estimates from mineral isograds yields an empirical calibration of 1,000 lnα(Cc-Crn) = 2.72 ± 0.3 × 10⁶/T² (T in K). The new fractionations (2.7‰ at 1,000 K) are significantly smaller than those calculated from the modified increment method (6.5‰ at 1,000 K; Zheng, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1991, 55:2299–2307; Zheng, Mineral Mag, 1994, 58A:1000–1001), which yield unreasonably high temperatures of 630 to 1,140°C when applied to the new Naxos data. The new calibration of Δ(Cc-Crn) can be combined with published fractionations to calculate A-factors for corundum versus a range of 14 other minerals. These new fractionation factors can be used for thermometry or to constrain the genesis of corundum. A compilation of gem corundum δ¹⁸O values shows that many igneous sapphires, including important deposits of basalt-associated sapphire, are mildly elevated in δ¹⁸O relative to the calculated range in equilibrium with mantle values (4.4–5.7‰) and formed from evolved magmas.  相似文献   

新疆图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体镍铜钴成矿岩浆作用过程:流体化学与碳同位素组成制约     

张铭杰  班舒悦  李思奥  宋哲  仇哲  李立武  惠卫东  李中平 《岩石学报》2020,36(12):3673-3682

东天山造山带的图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体为一个早古生代长期活动的幔源岩浆通道，大型铜镍钴硫化物矿体赋存于Ⅰ号超镁铁质岩体的顶部，不同类型岩石中辉石矿物的流体挥发份化学组成以H₂O为主（平均91%，5400.4mm³/g），其次为H₂（2.0%）、H₂S（2.3%）和CO₂（2.1%）；赋矿角闪橄榄岩中CO₂和H₂S含量最高，辉长岩中流体挥发份含量低于辉石橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩等岩浆早期结晶的岩石。CO₂和CH₄的δ¹³C值位于地壳与甲烷氧化的范围内，甲烷同系物的碳同位素组成具有正序分布模式，部分样品（TLG512）释出的CH₄和C₂H₆具有较重的δ¹³C值和反序分布特征。表明I号岩体不同类型岩石可能是不同期次岩浆活动的产物，成矿岩浆具有富H₂O和H₂S的特征，可能起源于被流体交代的亏损地幔源区，混染壳源组分可能为俯冲板片来源蚀变沉积有机质组分。  相似文献   

内蒙古别鲁乌图铜多金属矿床锆石U-Pb年龄和S、Pb同位素特征及其地质意义     

郭硕  何鹏  刘洋  滕飞  胡晓佳  王文龙  杨泽黎 《现代地质》2020,(1):40-50

为了明确内蒙古别鲁乌图铜多金属矿床的成矿年龄与矿床成因,对该矿床中与成矿关系密切的流纹岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄以及主要金属硫化物的S、Pb同位素测试。其中流纹岩的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(271.7±1.6)Ma(MSWD=1.02),显示成矿作用发生于二叠纪。金属硫化物的S同位素分析结果显示δ34SV-CDT值分布在-0.6‰~1.0‰之间,平均为0.49‰,变化范围较窄,显示S的来源单一;Pb同位素组成比较集中,206Pb/204Pb为18.207~18.674,207Pb/204Pb为15.620~15.699,208Pb/204Pb为38.144~38.790,具有壳幔混源的特征。S、Pb同位素特征均指示成矿物质主要来源于岩浆热液。结合区域地质、矿床地质、空间分带等特征以及S、Pb同位素组成可知,别鲁乌图铜多金属矿床为VHMS型矿床,形成于二叠纪陆缘弧裂谷中。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系储层成因研究     

张哨楠 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(3):72-86

玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了加里东期和海西期构造作用的改造，东部断褶带和西部斜坡区断层发育，中部平台区断层不发育，导致勘探目的层鹰山组上部与鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层发育特征的不同。鹰山组上部的储层主要受控于加里东期构造活动所造成的地层抬升暴露剥蚀，形成了以大气淡水溶蚀为主的储集空间类型；而鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组储层则主要受到埋藏白云石化作用、硅化作用以及伴随着断层的形成而发育的裂缝和热液的改造作用的控制。氧碳同位素和⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值的分布特征也进一步证明了两种不同储层类型的主控因素。鹰山组上部洞穴中方解石的氧碳同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-12～-4‰VPDB，δ¹³C：-3～1‰VPDB）比海水沉淀的方解石（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-9.5～-7.5‰VPDB，δ¹³C：-1.5～0.5‰VPDB）在数值上明显偏负，说明洞穴中充填的方解石属于淡水成因。在鹰山组下部和蓬莱坝组白云岩储层中发育的鞍形白云石具有较低的氧同位素值（δ¹⁸O_VPDB：-10.7～-5.9‰VPDB）和高于海水的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值（均大于0.7094），因而被解释为热液成因，进一步说明这些地层中的溶蚀孔洞可能与热液改造有关。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河地区砂岩型铀矿铀源区及其成矿构造背景分析——来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素的证据     

耿英英  刘章月  何中波  黄少华  郭强  许强  宋继叶 《地质论评》2020,66(2):393-409

准噶尔盆地是我国重要的多能源矿产产出盆地之一,而准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河地区也是我国砂岩型铀矿找矿的优选区段,为了厘定头屯河地区砂岩型铀矿赋矿层位沉积期的源区位置、母岩岩性及时代,本文在野外地质调查的基础上,对头屯河地区砂岩型铀矿赋矿层中的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析,建立了碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄及Hf模式年龄谱系。通过与周缘岩浆活动时代对比,并结合古流向数据进一步分析赋矿层位沉积期的源区位置及母岩岩性,讨论砂岩型铀矿的铀源条件。对采自侏罗系和下白垩统的4个砂岩样品进行碎屑锆石年龄分析表明:碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄存在140～180 Ma、240～320 Ma、340～420 Ma、440～480 Ma四个主峰值年龄段,年龄较平均的分布在210～480 Ma宽泛的区间内。研究表明头屯河地区早侏罗世物源来自北天山;中侏罗世物源来自中、南天山;中侏罗晚期开始转变为以北天山为主;早白垩世物源大部分来自中、北天山,少量来自博格达山地区。砂岩型铀矿化层铀源主要来自南侧天山地区的古生代中酸性火成岩,其成矿作用应该发生在盆地处于较稳定的构造环境中。  相似文献   

中国近海生态环境变化的同位素示踪研究     

陈敏  曾健  杨伟锋 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):32-41

同位素在确定物质来源、指示生物地球化学循环路径、定量生物地球化学过程速率等方面具有独特的优势，本文以近海生态环境变化研究中常用的稳定同位素（13C、15N、18O）和放射性核素（14C、234Th、232Th、230Th、228Th、210Po、210Pb、137Cs、226Ra、228Ra、224Ra、223Ra）为对象，介绍它们在揭示海洋有机质来源、食物网结构、水体缺氧机制、氮循环过程、颗粒动力学、海底地下水输入、有机地球化学过程、沉积年代学等方面的应用，侧重于总结我国近海生态环境研究中同位素示踪取得的进展。伴随着我国经济的发展，近百年来我国近海生态环境也发生了明显的变化，基于同位素示踪揭示的近海富营养化和沉积环境的演变规律表明，我国近海生态环境自20世纪50年代起经历持续的变化，特别是在过去20~30年时间里，近海生态环境的变化尤为剧烈，反映出人类活动是我国近海生态环境变化的主要驱动力。未来需要通过发展新的同位素技术及拓展更广泛的应用，围绕近海海洋生态环境变化的突出问题，重点揭示近海生态环境变化的响应特征、变化速率和作用机制，从而系统地掌握近海生态环境的时空变化规律。  相似文献   

Characterizing hydrological processes within kettle holes using stable water isotopes in the Uckermark of northern Brandenburg,Germany     

Stuart Andrew Vyse  Majid Taie Semiromi  Gunnar Lischeid  Christoph Merz 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1868-1887

Understanding the hydrologic connectivity between kettle holes and shallow groundwater, particularly in reaction to the highly variable local meteorological conditions, is of paramount importance for tracing water in a hydro(geo)logically complex landscape and thus for integrated water resource management. This article is aimed at identifying the dominant hydrological processes affecting the kettle holes' water balance and their interactions with the shallow groundwater domain in the Uckermark region, located in the north-east of Germany. For this reason, based on the stable isotopes of oxygen (δ¹⁸O ) and hydrogen (δ²H ), an isotopic mass balance model was employed to compute the evaporative loss of water from the kettle holes from February to August 2017. Results demonstrated that shallow groundwater inflow may play the pivotal role in the processes taking part in the hydrology of the kettle holes in the Uckermark region. Based on the calculated evaporation/inflow (E/I) ratios, most of the kettle holes (86.7%) were ascertained to have a partially open, flow-through-dominated system. Moreover, we identified an inverse correlation between E/I ratios and the altitudes of the kettle holes. The same holds for electrical conductivity (EC) and the altitudes of the kettle holes. In accordance with the findings obtained from this study, a conceptual model explaining the interaction between the shallow groundwater and the kettle holes of Uckermark was developed. The model exhibited that across the highest altitudes, the recharge kettle holes are dominant, where a lower ratio of E/I and a lower EC was detected. By contrast, the lowest topographical depressions represent the discharge kettle holes, where a higher ratio of E/I and EC could be identified. The kettle holes existing in between were categorized as flow-through kettle holes through which the recharge takes place from one side and discharge from the other side.  相似文献   

鲁西地区矽卡岩型铜金矿He—Ar同位素测定及其地质意义——以沂南地区铜井式铜金矿为例          下载免费PDF全文

祝德成  田瑞聪  田京祥  于学峰  杨振毅  杨仕鹏 《山东国土资源》2018,34(8)

铜井式铜金矿(包括铜井铜金矿、金场铜金矿)是鲁西地区发现和开采最早、矿化最普遍的矽卡岩型铜金矿。该文通过矿床的He-Ar同位素测试分析,并结合前人的H,O,S,C稳定同位素分析和年代学测试结果,对铜井式铜金矿成因及成矿机制进行探讨。研究认为,铜井式金矿主要形成于燕山晚期(128~121Ma),黄铁矿中流体包裹体的~(3 )He/~(4 )He值为0.112 9~0.120 9R/Ra,高于地壳物质值,低于典型地幔物质值;~(40 )Ar/~(36 )Ar=364.1~458.0,高于大气值,低于地幔值,成矿流体中存在来源于地壳的放射成因Ar;~(4 )He/~(40 )Ar=1.16~3.433,平均2.296 5,略高于地幔值(1.36~2.23),低于典型地壳值(6.4),表明成矿流体中存在地幔He,Ar;同时有地壳He,Ar加入。综上认为,矿床成矿物质和流体具有深源特征,应来自地幔或下地壳,金成矿主要是与燕山晚期浅成—超浅成中酸性侵入岩有关,这些侵入体在侵位过程中与古生代碳酸盐岩地层发生接触交代作用,形成矽卡岩型铜金矿床。  相似文献   

Wintertime rates of net primary production and nitrate and ammonium uptake in the southern Benguela upwelling system     

RF Flynn  JM Burger  K Pillay 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):253-266

The elevated levels of primary productivity associated with eastern boundary currents are driven by nutrient- rich waters upwelled from depth, such that these regions are typically characterised by high rates of nitrate-fuelled phytoplankton growth. Production studies from the southern Benguela upwelling system (SBUS) tend to be biased towards the summer upwelling season, yet winter data are required to compute annual budgets and understand seasonal variability. Net primary production (NPP) and nitrate and ammonium uptake were measured concurrently at six stations in the SBUS in early winter. While euphotic zone NPP was highest at the stations nearest to the coast and declined with distance from the shore, a greater proportion was potentially exportable from open-ocean surface waters, as indicated by the higher specific nitrate uptake rates and f-ratios (ratio of nitrate uptake to total nitrogen consumption) at the stations located off the continental shelf. Near the coast, phytoplankton growth was predominantly supported by ammonium despite the high ambient nitrate concentrations. Along with ammonium concentrations as high as 3.6 µmol l^–1, this strongly suggests that nitrate uptake in the inshore SBUS, and by extension carbon drawdown, is inhibited by ammonium, at least in winter, although this has also been hypothesised for the summer.  相似文献   

Stable isotopes of water show deep seasonal recharge in northern bogs and fens          下载免费PDF全文

Zeno F. Levy  Donald I. Siegel  Soumitri S. Dasgupta  Paul H. Glaser  Jeffrey M. Welker 《水文研究》2014,28(18):4938-4952

Ground water recharge is assumed to occur primarily at raised bog crests in northern peatlands, which are globally significant terrestrial carbon reservoirs. We synoptically surveyed vertical profiles of peat pore water δ¹⁸O and δ²H from a range of bog and fen landforms across the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota. Contrary to our expectations, we find that local‐scale recharge penetrates to not only the basal peat at topographically high bog crests but also transitional Sphagnum lawns and low‐lying fen water tracks. Surface landscape characteristics appear to control the isotopic composition of the deeper pore waters (depths ≥0.5 m), which are partitioned into discrete ranges of δ¹⁸O on the basis of landform type (mean ± standard deviation for bog crests = ?11.9 ± 0.4‰, lawns = ?10.6 ± 0.1‰, fen water tracks = ?8.8 ± 1.0‰). Fen water tracks have a shallow free‐water surface that is seasonally enriched by isotope fractionating evaporation, fingerprinting recharge to underlying pore waters at depths ≥3 m. Isotope mass balance calculations indicate on average 12% of the waters we sampled from the basal peat of the fen water tracks was lost to surface evaporation, which occurred prior to advection and dispersion into the underlying formation. These new data provide direct support for the hypothesis that methane production in deeper peat strata is fuelled by the downward transport of labile carbon substrates from the surface of northern peat basins. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献